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    Oxidative DNA base damage and base excision repair abnormalities in siblings of individuals with bipolar disorder
    (Research Square, 2023) Çelik, Hidayet Ece; Yılmaz, Seda; Kendirlioğlu, Burcu Kök; Çörekli, Esma; Bekar, Nazlı Dal; Çelik, Ömer; Yorguner, Neşe; Öztürk, Bilge Targıtay; İşlekel, Hüray; Özerdem, Ayşegül; Akan, Pınar; Ceylan, Deniz; Tuna, Gamze
    Previous evidence suggests elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage, particularly 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and abnormalities in the repair of 8-OH-dG by the base excision repair (BER) in BD. However, the genetic disposition of these abnormalities remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of oxidative DNA damage and BER mechanisms in individuals with BD and their siblings, as compared to healthy controls (HCs). 46 individuals with BD, 41 siblings of individuals with BD, and 51 HCs were included in the study. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate the levels of 8-OH-dG in urine, which were then normalized based on urine creatinine levels. The real-time-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), and DNA polymerase beta (POL?). The levels of 8-OH-dG were found to be elevated in both individuals with BD and their siblings when compared to the HCs. The OGG1 and APE1 expressions were downregulated, while POL? expressions were upregulated in both the patient and sibling groups compared to the HCs. Age, smoking status, and the number of depressive episodes had an impact on APE1 expression levels in the patient group while body mass index, smoking status, and past psychiatric history had an impact on 8-OH-dG levels in siblings. Both individuals with BD and unaffected siblings presented similar abnormalities regarding oxidative DNA damage and BER, suggesting a link between abnormalities in DNA damage / BER mechanisms and familial susceptibility to BD. Our findings suggest that targeting the oxidative DNA damage and BER pathway could offer promising therapeutic strategies for reducing the risk of age-related diseases and comorbidities in individuals with a genetic predisposition to BD.
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    The seductive allure effect extends from neuroscientific to psychoanalytic explanations among Turkish medical students: preliminary implications of biased scientific reasoning within the context of medical and psychiatric training
    (Thinking & Reasoning, 2022) Bulut, Necati Serkut; Gürsoy, Süha Can; Yorguner, Neşe; Bulut, Gresa Çarkaxhiu; Sayar, Kemal
    Research suggests that people tend to overweight arguments accompanied by neuroscientific terminology, which is dubbed as the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations (SANE) in the literature. Such an effect might be of particular significance when it comes to physicians and mental health professionals (MHP), given that it has the potential to cause significant bias in their understanding as well as their treatment approaches toward psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we aimed to test the SANE effect among Turkish medical students, and assess its uniqueness by comparing it with a discipline that still maintains an important role in contemporary psychiatric training in Turkey: psychoanalysis. 109 medical students with a basic level of knowledge of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience were asked to rate the credibility of explanations of differing quality (good vs. circular) for psychological phenomena, followed by three types of information: none, neuroscientific (SNI) or psychoanalytical (SPI). Our findings showed that SNI significantly increased the judged quality of explanations for both conditions with the effect being more prominent for circular explanations. On the other hand, SPI had no effect on good explanations but enhanced the judged quality of circular explanations in a level comparable to that of SNI. For the first time, the SANE effect was replicated among medical students and provided preliminary data in favor of a similar effect for psychoanalytically oriented information.
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    The severity of inflammation in major neuropsychiatric disorders: comparison of neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios between schizophrenia, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder
    (Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021) Bulut, Necati Serkut; Yorguner, Neşe; Bulut, Gresa Çarkaxhiu
    Background: As non-specific markers of immune dysregulation, neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet– lymphocyte ratios (NLR and PLR) have been consistently shown to be increased in major neuropsychiatric disorders. Although this increase seems to be trans-diagnostic, the extent to which its magnitude differs between disorders remains largely unclear. Aim: The aim of this study was to directly compare the severity of inflammation (as reflected by NLR and PLR) between schizophrenia (Sch), bipolar mania (BD-M), bipolar depression (BD-D), major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: NLR and PLR were obtained for a total of 417 subjects (91 Sch, 70 BD-D, 37 BD-M, 93 MDD, 37 OCD, and 95 controls) and analyzed for group differences. Results: Sch, BD-M, BD-D and MDD presented with significantly higher NLR compared with both OCD and HC. NLR in BD-M was significantly higher than all the remaining groups, whereas Sch, BD-D and MDD presented with comparably elevated NLR. Moreover, BD-M, Sch and MDD had significantly higher PLR compared with HC. Conclusion: These results suggest that the underlying inflammation may be most severe in BD-M, followed by Sch, BD-D and MDD. On the other hand, inflammation may be of negligible intensity in OCD, or at least undetectable by means of NLR or PLR.