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    Cauda Equina Paraganglioma with Ependymoma-Like Histology: A Case Report
    (TURKISH NEUROSURGICAL SOC, 2012) Midi, Ahmet; Yener, Arzu Nese; Sav, Aydin; Cubuk, Rahmi
    Paraganglioma affecting the cauda equina region is very rare and can be misinterpreted as an ependymoma which is more common at this site. A 38-year-old woman with a paraganglioma in the cauda equina is presented. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, intradural, extramedullary tumor nodule with the dimensions of 2.5x1x1 cm. The patient underwent L3 laminectomy and total excision of the tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as ependymoma and the patient was decided to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient applied to our medical center for a second opinion. Histopathologically, her tumor was found to be a paraganglioma with ependymal features. Therefore no adjuvant therapy was applied. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastases for 15 months after her operation. Paraganglioma in the cauda equina/ filum terminale is very rare and can be misdiagnosed as ependymoma especially when it exhibits ependymoma-like histology. This rare form of paraganglioma behaves like a WHO grade I tumor of CNS like classic paraganglioma. No recurrence or metastasis is expected when it is totally resected. Morphology can be misleading hence immunohistochemistry and/or ultrastructural study is necessary for correct diagnosis.
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    The Protective Effects of Spirulina in Cyclophosphamide Induced Nephrotoxicity and Urotoxicity in Rats
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2012) Sinanoglu, Orhun; Yener, Arzu Nese; Ekici, Sinan; Midi, Ahmet; Aksungar, Fehime Benli
    OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of Spirulina, a blue-green algae with antioxidant properties in the protection of cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity and hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. METHODS The control group (C) was sacrificed 24 hours after being given a single dose of saline intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. The rats in the second group (CP) were sacrificed 24 hours after being given a single dose of cyclophosphamide, intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. Spirulina was administered to the third group (SP + CP) orally (1000 mg/kg bw/day) for 7 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. At the eighth day of the experiment, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in renal and urinary bladder tissues were measured. Histomorphology in urinary bladder, apoptosis by caspase 3 immunostaining, and TUNEL assay in kidney were also evaluated. RESULTS Tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the SP + CP group were significantly lower versus CP group (P < .05). Tissue levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the SP + CP group were significantly higher vs the CP group (P < .05). The histomorphologic alteration in urinary bladder in the SP + CP group was significantly lower vs that in the CP group. In the kidney, apoptosis in the SP + CP group as shown with TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry was significantly lower vs that in the CP group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Spirulina protects the rats from cyclophosphamide-induced nephro-urotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. UROLOGY 80: 1392.e1-1392.e6, 2012. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc.