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    Antibacterial Potency for Mimosa, Quebracho and Essential Oils of Origanum Species against Acinetobacter pittii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus from Diabetic Foot Patient
    (Amer Leather Chemists Assoc, 2022) Berber, D.; Inanc, L.; Turkmenoğlu, L.; Toksöz, O.; Sesal, N. C.
    The diabetic patients may sometime suffer from foot lesions, foot ulcers and amputation that adversely affect their quality of life. In this respect, good footwear has a critical significance for diabetic foot patients. The aim of this study to evaluate the potential efficacy of mimosa, quebracho, and essential oils of Origanum onites, Origanum onites oleum, and Origanum minutiflorum, against Acinetobacter pittii, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was isolated from diabetic foot patient. According to our results, the mimosa extracts were slightly more efficient when compared to quebracho extracts to control the bacterial growth of A. pittii (8.77 +/- 0.58-35.12 +/- 8.41% inhibition for three doses), and K. pneumoniae (21.40 +/- 0.48-47.04 +/- 0.51% inhibition) except B. cereus (71.1 +/- 0.31-23.51 +/- 1.66% inhibition). But these inhibition percentages remained at lower levels. On the other hand, essential oil samples of O. onites, O. onites oleum, and O. minutiflorum at tested doses have considerably high antibacterial effects against A. pittii, B. cereus, and K. pneumoniae. The tested essential oils almost completely inhibited B. cereus with percentages of inhibition ranging from 96.18 +/- 2.98-100 +/- 0.00. Also, the bacterial growth of K. pneumoniae and A. pittii was inhibited by 88.01 +/- 2.36 to 100 +/- 0.00% and 71.42 +/- 12.57 to 100 +/- 0.00%, respectively. Moreover, the essential oils of O. onites, O. onites oleum, and O. minutiflorum, had bactericidal activity against A. pittii, and K. pneumoniae but bacteriostatic activity against B. cereus. This potency for essential oil of Origanum species may be evaluated for diabetic footwear. More detailed technical studies are required for the application of Origanum species to leather footwear.
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    Antibacterial Properties of Several Lichen Extracts against Two Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Salted Sheepskins
    (Amer Leather Chemists Assoc, 2022) Türkmenoğlu, I.; Toksöz, O.; Berber, D.; Caglayan, P.; Birbir, M.; Sesal, N. C.
    It is well known that possible undesirable defects in finished leathers can result from microbial activities on the salted raw hides/skins during storage. The traditionally used salt curing method can control bacterial activities on the raw stock, but it does not seem possible to completely eliminate microbial attacks. Moderately halophilic bacteria can cause serious damage to hides/skins. From this point of view, potential procedures such as applying new antibacterial agents in the leather industry should be considered. Since some lichen species have been indicated for their promising biological efficacies in the literature; most researchers have focused on their potencies in various fields including leather industry from ancient times. In this study, the bacterial growth of proteolytic and lipolytic Gram-negative moderately halophilic bacteria, Chromohalobacter canadensis (YN6) and Halomonas eurihalina (BL5), from salted sheepskin samples were tested with the extracts of Usnea sp., Plastismatia glauca, Ramalina farinacea, Evernia divaricata, Bryoria capillaris, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria. Some of these lichen species were found to be successful to inhibit the bacterial growth of C. canadensis (YN6) and H. eurihalina (BL5). In conclusion, lichen extracts may be utilized in stacked raw hides/skins in tanneries or warehouses to control moderately halophilic bacteria which causes several defects on leather.