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    Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors in nonmetastatic and metastatic breast cancer patients
    (Nature, 2018) Turgut Coşan, Didem; Soyocak, Ahu; Çalış, I. U.; Öner, Çağrı; Metcalfe, E.; Erkasap, S.; Mutlu, F.
    Introduction: S1P receptors S1P1 and S1P3 encourage cancer progression. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the functional roles in the progression of disease by determining the expression of S1P1 and S1P3 in non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Breast tissue specimens were obtained by surgery and reduction mammoplasty. The peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) of non-metastatic, metastatic breast cancer patients and noncancerous individuals were also taken. Total RNA isolation was carried out by tissues and cells. Gene expression of S1P1 and S1P3 was determined by Real-Time PCR. Results: In this study, S1P1 and S1P3 gene expressions in tissues (1.03 and 1.16 fold, respectively) were found to be higher than PBMC samples in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. In addition, in PBMC samples S1P1 levels decreased by 2.90 fold in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, increased by 1.33 fold in patients with metastatic breast cancer. S1P3 levels decreased by 3.35 fold in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer and 1.45 fold in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Conclusions: The result of our study showed that both gene expressions were higher in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. The expression of the S1P1 gene in PBMCs is increased in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients compared to non-cancer individuals, while it is increased in metastatic breast cancer patients. S1P3 is lower in both non-metastatic and metastatic individuals than non-cancer individuals. These results indicate that, for the S1P receptors in the studies done in PBMC and tissue samples should be considered different expression properties.