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    The Effect of the iNOS Inhibitor S-Methylisothiourea and Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Radiation Colitis in Rats
    (UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN-UCL, 2016) Demirci, Hakan; Polat, Zulfikar; Uygun, Ahmet; Kadayifci, Abdurrahman; Sager, Omer; Ozturk, Kadir; Kantarcioglu, Murat; Sahiner, Fatih; Caliskan, Bahadir; Karslioglu, Yildirim; Ozler, Mehmet; Ozel, Melih; Ergun, Hakki; Ozturk, Ozlem; Beyzadeoglu, Murat; Bagci, Sait
    Introduction : External radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of malignancies. However, the lower gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to the ionizing radiation. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HOT) has been suggested as a viable treatment for refractory radiation colitis, but the effect of S-Methylisothiourea (SMT) in the radiation colitis have not reported. Aim : To investigate the effect of SMT, HOT and the combination of both in an acute radiation-induced enterocolitis model. Methods : Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five equal groups. A single dose of gamma irradiation (25 Gy) was administered through the colorectal region to anesthetized rats. In the control group, we applied 2 ml of saline solution intraperitoneally for five days. In the HOT group, 100-per-cent oxygen at 2.5 atm pressure was applied for five days. In the SMT group, 10 mg/kg/day of SMT was applied intraperitoneally for five days. In the HOT+SMT group, HOT and SMT were both applied in the same dosages as in the preceding two groups. At the end of five days, the rats were sacrificed and colon samples were collected for histological grading. Blood samples were collected to test for : tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1 beta, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA. Results : The TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-10 and TGF-beta levels were reduced by SMT, HOT and HOT+SMT applications (p < 0.05). However ICAM-1 mRNA levels were not significantly lower (p:0.19). The microscopic scores differed significantly between the SMT, HOT and HOT+ SMT groups and the control group. There was significant improvement histologically, especially in the HOT+ SMT group. When we compared the weight of the rats before and after the study, weight loss was significantly lower in the SMT, HOT and HOT+ SMT groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions : HOT and SMT together were significantly more effective in preventing weight loss and in reducing inflammation and the severity of colitis histology when compared with HOT and SMT separately.
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    Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
    (SPRINGER, 2012) Polat, Zulfikar; Kilciler, Guldem; Ozel, A. Melih; Kara, Muammer; Kantarcioglu, Murat; Uygun, Ahmet; Bagci, Sait
    Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by febrile attacks. Increased acute-phase reactants are characteristic during febrile attacks. Ghrelin is a natural G-protein that decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acts as anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is any change in ghrelin levels and whether increases in ghrelin levels can be used as a marker in these patients. Thirty-seven male patients and 30 healthy men as a control group were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained for ghrelin measurements both before the attacks (pre-attack period; ghrelin 1 group) and during the attacks (ghrelin 2 group). Samples were kept at -80A degrees C until the analysis was conducted and plasma ghrelin levels were measured using an immune-sorbent assay method. Mean ghrelin levels measured during the attacks were significantly higher (11.01 +/- A 4.78 pg/ml) as compared to pre-attack levels (5.78 +/- A 2.17 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Similarly, mean ghrelin levels measured in FMF patients during an attack were significantly different from that of the control group (6.57 +/- A 4.13 pg/ml; p < 0.001). In this study, high ghrelin levels were measured during attacks in FMF patients. This finding is in line with previous results regarding the fact that inflammatory response arising during an FMF attack is an acute inflammatory event. Our findings suggest that ghrelin levels measured during FMF attacks could be used as a biochemical indicator for the FMF attack in FMF patients and that it could be used for support of the diagnosis of the disease.