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Yayın Antibacterial Potential of Six Lichen Species against Enterococcus durans from Leather Industry Evaluation of acetone extracts obtained from several lichen species as alternative natural antibacterial agents(Johnson Matthey Publ Ltd Co, 2020) Berber, Didem; Turkmenoğlu, Ipek; Sesal, Nuzhet CenkAntibacterial resistant bacteria are a significant problem in the hide or skin soaking process due to their destructive properties on finished leather. Lichens may be a solution to overcome this resistance problem. Enterococcus durans (99.86%) was isolated from soak liquor samples. For screening of possible antibacterial effects of lichen acetone extracts, six lichen species (Hypogymnia tubulosa, H. physodes, Evernia divaricata, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Parmelia sulcata and Usnea sp.) were examined by nine-fold dilution against E. durans. H. tubulosa, H. physodes and E. divaricata extracts showed antibacterial effects at the concentrations of 240 mu g ml(-1), 120 mu g ml(-1) and 60 mu g ml(-1) whereas the extracts of P. furfuracea had an antibacterial effect at 240 mu g ml(-1) and 120 mu g ml(-1). On the other hand, P. sulcata had no antibacterial effect. The most successful lichen extract was determined to be Usnea sp. at the concentrations of 240 mu g ml(-1), 120 mu g ml(-1), 60 mu g ml(-1), 30 mu g ml(-1) and 15 mu g ml(-1). In conclusion, lichen extracts seem to have potential antibacterial efficacies against E. durans.Yayın Assessment of the Antibacterial Potency of Usnea sp. against Foodborne Pathogens(2022) Sesal, N. Cenk; Toksöz, Orçun; Turkmenoglu, İpek; Berber, DidemABSTRACT The increase in the incidence of foodborne diseases has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies, and the adverse impact on the socio-economic development of countries has been also reported by health authorities. The combat against foodborne pathogens through the use of natural biosources has become the focus of recent research. Lichens produce several secondary metabolites with various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer etc. due to competition with other living things in their surrounding environment. In this perspective, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of Usnea sp. that collected from Kastamonu, Turkey against five foodborne pathogens in the present study. These tested bacteria included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ones. Our data demonstrated that the acetone extracts of Usnea sp. had antibacterial efficiencies especially against Gram-positive bacteria tested (C. perfringens, S. aureus, and B. cereus) at varying percentages. This potential antibacterial activity of Usnea sp. suggests that it can be used in the food industry. Since it has already been reported to be used in dishes or ingredients of bread, it gives the idea that it may be used as a food additive (such as a preservative, extending shelf life). However, detailed studies for its toxicity or the dosages that do not be toxic should be done.Yayın Evaluation of Antibacterial Potencies of Eight Lichen Extracts Against Gram-Positive Moderately Halophilic Bacteria(Johnson Matthey Publ Ltd Co, 2023) Toksöz, Orçun; Turkmenoğlu, Ipek; Berber, Didem; Caglayan, Pınar; Birbir, Meral; Sesal, Nuzhet CenkThe leather sector has global economic importance. Overcoming microbiological problems, especially arising from halophilic bacteria, will greatly reduce product losses. In this study, lichen species including Usnea sp., Platismatia glauca, Ramalina farinacea, Evernia divaricata, Bryoria capillaris, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria were examined for their antibacterial efficacies against Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus (TR5) and Salinicoccus roseus (KV3) which are proteolytic and lipolytic Gram-positive moderately halophilic bacteria. The extracts of P. glauca, B. capillaris, P. furfuracea and L. pulmonaria had no antibacterial efficacy against the test bacteria. On the other hand, the extracts of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp. and E. divaricata had considerable antibacterial effect with varying percentages of inhibition. The maximum inhibition ratios at the tested concentrations of 15-240 mu g ml(-1) for lichen samples of H. tubulosa, R. farinacea, Usnea sp. and E. divaricata were detected as 94.72 +/- 0.75%, 76.10 +/- 1.85%, 99.36 +/- 0.04%, 89.49 +/- 2.26% for TR5 and 97.44 +/- 0.14%, 95.92 +/- 0.29%, 97.97 +/- 0.39%, 97.58 +/- 0.53% for KV3, respectively. The most remarkable suppression was obtained with Usnea sp. extracts against KV3. These results indicate the need for further studies investigating the applicability of these natural resources to control moderately halophilic bacteria in the preservation of raw hides and skins.Yayın Infusion or Decoction Extracts ofHelianthus annuusLeaves: Potential Inhibitors for QS system and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa(2020) Yıldız, Ayla; Sesal, Cenk; Gökalsın, Barış; Balkan, Arhun Ali; Berber, DidemPseudomonas aeruginosais one of the drug-resistant opportunistic pathogenswith the ability to form biofilm and to produce a number of virulence factors via Quorum Sensing (QS) regulation. Most researchers have focused on QS inhibition to overcome the drug resistance problem.QS inhibitormolecules are investigated from natural resources.In the present study, anti-QS activities of ethyl acetate extracts of decoction and infusion samples from Helianthus annuusleaveswere tested on biosensor strains of P.aeruginosa(lasB-gfp, rhlA-gfp andpqsA-gfp), as well as anti-biofilm activities on PAO1wild type. H.annuusleaf sampleswere firstly infused or decocted and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Theefficacies ofinfusion or decoction extracts were examinedat the concentrationsof 240, 120,and60?g/mlin 96-well microplatesand evaluated in Citation 3 multimode microplate reader (Biotek). The inhibition rates of decoction extracts were recorded as 70.61% for las, 44.09% for rhland 83.77% for pqssystem at 240 ?g/ml. The biofilm inhibition percentages of the extracts were determined to be 50.82% (±1.36). Moreover, inhibition rates for infusion extracts were detected as 62.08% for las, 45.15% for rhland 77.79% for pqs, and 53.88% (±3.94) for biofilm formation. In conclusion, the potential efficacies of the extracts of decocted or infused H.annuusleaves were demonstratedon QS system and biofilmformation of P.aeruginosa. However, there is a need for more detailed investigations and determination of the active substances that have QSI and anti-biofilm effect.Yayın A review on antimicrobial activities of some culinary herbs and spices against staphylococcus aureus(Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies, 2022) Berber, Didem; Toksöz, Orçun; Türkmenoğlu, İpek; Sesal, Nüzhet CenkFood safety is of great importance all over the world as it concerns consumer health. All employees in the food chain must comply with the hygiene rules. One of the important issues that threaten food safety is contamination with microorganisms. Numerous people are affected by contaminated and/or poorly preserved food and outbreaks have occurred. The World Health Organization (WHO) draws attention to human health and economic losses in this respect. From ancient times, herbs and spices are utilized in Türkiye and various parts of world to enhance the flavor of food and their sensory properties. It is also possible to prevent the development of Staphylococcus aureus, which causes food poisoning, thanks to the antibacterial properties of culinary herbs or spices. Thus, using natural antimicrobial substances from spices and herbs may be an alternative for inhibition/elimination of growth of S. aureus extending the shelf life without synthetic preservatives. This review aims to explain foodborne diseases and their global burden, staphylococcal food poisoning, natural antimicrobials, some edible herbs in Türkiye: their culinary uses and antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus.Yayın Topraksız tarım teknolojileri gelecek için sürdürülebilir bir çözüm mü?(2023) Yavuz, Kadir; Toksöz, Orçun; Berber, DidemGeleneksel tarımda bilinçsiz kimyasal kullanımının toprak yapısında değişikliklere yol açarak, toprak verimliliğini olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca gittikçe artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle gıda taleplerinin karşılanması için önlemlerin alınması gerekliliği de vurgulanmaktadır. Son yıllarda, alternatif bir çözüm olarak topraksız tarım araştırmaları; iş gücü, zaman, su tasarrufu sağlanması, herbisit/pestisit kullanımının azalması, mikrobiyolojik sıkıntıların ortadan kalkması gibi avantajları olduğu için artmaktadır. Öte yandan, dezavantaj olarak yüksek maliyetlerin düşürülmesi için de girişimlerde bulunulmaktadır. Bazı ülkelerde kentsel tarımın desteklenmesi amacıyla dikey tarım uygulamalarının yapıldığı merkezler bulunmaktadır. Son dönemlerde dikey tarım uygulamaları ile ilgili olarak uzayda bitki yetiştirilmesi, uzay çiftlikleri gibi başlıklar da popülerdir. NASA’nın yürüttüğü projelerde başarıya ulaşılmış olan ürünler bulunmaktadır. Mikro yerçekimi etkisi ile oluşabilecek hasarlar incelenerek, çalışmaların teknolojinin avantajlarıyla daha da ileri götürülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, gastronomi alanında da topraksız/dikey tarım sürdürülebilirlik açısından son zamanlarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu tekniklerin uygulanarak küçük ölçekli üretimlerin yapıldığı restoranların ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu derlemede bu konular detaylı olarak irdelenecektir.
